International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
Parties and signatories to the ICAPED:
signed and ratified
signed but not ratified
neither signed nor ratified
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| Type | United Nations General Assembly Resolution |
|---|---|
| Drafted | 29 June 2006 |
| Signed | 20 December 2006 |
| Location | Paris |
| Effective | 23 December 2010 |
| Condition | 32 ratifications |
| Signatories | 96 |
| Parties | 54 |
| Depositary | Secretary General of the United Nations |
| Languages | Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish |
The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPPED) is an international human rights instrument of the United Nations and intended to prevent forced disappearance defined in international law, crimes against humanity. The text was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 2006 and opened for signature on 6 February 2007. It entered into force on 23 December 2010. As of December 2016, 96 states have signed the convention and 54 have ratified it.
Following a General Assembly resolution in 1992 containing a 21 article declaration about enforced disappearance, and its resolution of 1978 requesting that recommendations be made, the Commission on Human Rights established an "inter-sessional open-ended working group to elaborate a draft legally binding normative instrument for the protection of all persons from enforced disappearance" in 2001.
The Group concluded its work in 2006 and its draft international convention was adopted by the Human Rights Council on 29 June 2006, and welcomed the offer by France to host the signing ceremony.
On 20 December 2006, the General Assembly adopted without a vote the text of the Convention and opened it for signature at the signing ceremony in Paris.
The convention is modelled heavily on the United Nations Convention Against Torture.
"Enforced disappearance" is defined in Article 2 of the Convention as
Article 1 of the Convention further states that
The widespread or systematic use of enforced disappearance is further defined as a crime against humanity in Article 6.
Parties to the convention undertake to:
The Convention will be governed by a Committee on Enforced Disappearances elected by its parties. Parties are obliged to report to this committee on the steps they have taken to implement it within two years of becoming subject to it.
The Convention includes an optional complaints system whereby citizens of parties may appeal to the Committee for assistance in locating a disappeared person. Parties may join this system at any time, but may only opt out of it upon signature.
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