Insurrection Act of 1807
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| Enacted by | the 9th United States Congress |
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| Effective | March 3, 1807 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | 9-39 |
| Statutes at Large | 10 U.S.C. §§ 251–255 |
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| Major amendments | |
| 2006, 2007 | |
The Insurrection Act of 1807 is a United States federal law (10 U.S.C. §§ 251–255) that governs the ability of the President of the United States to deploy military troops within the United States to put down lawlessness, insurrection, and rebellion. The general purpose is to limit presidential power, relying on state and local governments for initial response in the event of insurrection. Coupled with the Posse Comitatus Act, presidential powers for domestic law enforcement are limited and delayed.
This Act was used to declare the commencement of the American Civil War.
The entire text of the Posse Comitatus Act, as amended in 1956, is as follows:
18 U.S.C. § 1385 - Use of Army and Air Force as posse comitatus
Accordingly, actions taken under the Insurrection Act, as an "Act of Congress", have always been exempt from the Posse Comitatus Act.
On September 30, 2006, the Congress modified the Insurrection Act as part of the 2007 Defense Authorization Bill (repealed as of 2008). Section 1076 of the law changed Sec. 333 of the "Insurrection Act," and widened the President's ability to deploy troops within the United States to enforce the laws. Under this act, the President may also deploy troops as a police force during a natural disaster, epidemic, serious public health emergency, terrorist attack, or other condition, when the President determines that the authorities of the state are incapable of maintaining public order. The bill also modified Sec. 334 of the Insurrection Act, giving the President authority to order the dispersal of either insurgents or "those obstructing the enforcement of the laws." The law changed the name of the chapter from "Insurrection" to "Enforcement of the Laws to Restore Public Order."
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