Inge Johan Lønning (20 February 1938 – 24 March 2013) was a Norwegian Lutheran theologian and politician for the Conservative Party of Norway. As an academic, he was Professor of Theology and Rector of the University of Oslo during the term 1985–1992. As a politician, he served as President of the European Movement in Norway, as a Member of Parliament, as Vice President of the Parliament, as Vice President of the Conservative Party, and as President of the Nordic Council.
Lønning was born in Fana, Bergen, Norway. He earned his cand. theol. degree from the University of Oslo in 1962 and finished the practical-theological seminar in 1963. He continued his academic career with a fellowship from 1963 to 1971, with a year's interruption for military service as a chaplain in the Norwegian Navy. He earned his doctorate in theology, also at the University of Oslo, in 1971 and was appointed professor in systematic theology at the University of Oslo the same year.
In 1971, Lønning also started his political career, when he was elected into the Oslo city council for one term and also the city's board of education for eight years.
In 1985 he was elected rector of the University of Oslo, serving until 1992, while maintaining his chair as professor of theology until his retirement in 2008.
Lønning was elected as a member of Norwegian parliament for three terms, from 1997 through 2009. He was (at the time of his death) the president of Lagtinget, was vice president of Stortinget from 2001 to 2005, and also served as a member of several parliamentary committees.
Lønning lost the "safe seat" on third place of the Conservatives' party list in Oslo in the 2009 nomination for the Norwegian Parliamentary elections to Michael Tetzschner, a current member of the Oslo City Council.