Infectious arthritis
| Septic arthritis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Infectious arthritis, joint infection |
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| Septic arthritis as seen during arthroscopy | |
| Specialty | Orthopedic surgery |
| Symptoms | Red, hot, painful single joint |
| Usual onset | Rapid |
| Causes | Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites |
| Risk factors | Artificial joint, prior arthritis, diabetes, poor immune function |
| Diagnostic method | Joint aspiration with culture |
| Similar conditions | Rheumatoid arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, osteoarthritis, gout |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, surgery |
| Medication | Vancomycin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime |
| Prognosis | 15% risk of death (treatment), 66% risk of death (without treatment) |
| Frequency | 5 per 100,000 per year |
| Classification |
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| External resources |
Septic arthritis, also known as joint infection or infectious arthritis, is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent resulting in joint inflammation. Symptoms typically include redness, heat, and pain in a single joint associated with a decreased ability to move the joint. Onset is usually rapid. Other symptoms may include fever, weakness, and headache. Occasionally more than one joint may be involved.
Causes include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Risk factors include an artificial joint, prior arthritis, diabetes, and poor immune function. Most commonly joints becomes infected via the blood but may also become infected via trauma or an infection around the joint. Diagnosis is generally based on aspirating joint fluid and culturing it.White blood cells of greater than 50,000 mm3 or lactate greater than 10 mmol/l in the joint fluid also makes the diagnosis likely.
Initial treatment typically include antibiotics such as vancomycin, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime. Surgery may also be done to clean out the joint. Without early treatment long term joint problems may occur. Septic arthritis occurs in about 5 people per 100,000 each year. It occurs more commonly in older people. With treatment about 15% of people die while without 66% die.
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Wikipedia