Infantile eczema
| Atopic dermatitis | |
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| Synonyms | Atopic eczema, infantile eczema, flexural eczema, prurigo Besnier, allergic eczema, neurodermatitis |
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| Atopic dermatitis of the inside crease of the elbow. | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
| Symptoms | Itchy, red, swollen, cracked skin |
| Complications | Skin infections, hay fever, asthma |
| Usual onset | Childhood |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Risk factors | Family history, living in a city, dry climate |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other possible causes |
| Similar conditions | Contact dermatitis, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis |
| Treatment | Avoiding things that worsen the condition, daily bathing followed by moisturising cream, steroid creams for flares |
| Frequency | ~20% at some time |
| Classification |
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| External resources |
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a type of inflammation of the skin (dermatitis). It results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which often thicken over time. The condition typically starts in childhood with changing severity over the years. In children under one year of age much of the body may be affected. As children get older, the back of the knees and front of the elbows are the most common areas affected. In adults the hands and feet are the most commonly affected areas. Scratching worsens symptoms and affected people have an increased risk of skin infections. Many people with atopic dermatitis develop hay fever or asthma.
The cause is unknown but believed to involve genetics, immune system dysfunction, environmental exposures, and difficulties with the permeability of the skin. If one identical twin is affected, there is an 85% chance the other also has the condition. Those who live in cities and dry climates are more commonly affected. Exposure to certain chemicals or frequent hand washing makes symptoms worse. While emotional stress may make the symptoms worse it is not a cause. The disorder is not contagious. The diagnosis is typically based on the signs and symptoms. Other diseases that must be excluded before making a diagnosis include contact dermatitis, psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis.
Treatment involves avoiding things that make the condition worse, daily bathing with application of a moisturising cream afterwards, applying steroid creams when flares occur, and medications to help with itchiness. Things that commonly make it worse include wool clothing, soaps, perfumes, chlorine, dust, and cigarette smoke. Phototherapy may be useful in some people. Steroid pills or creams based on calcineurin inhibitors may occasionally be used if other measures are not effective. Antibiotics (either by mouth or topically) may be needed if a bacterial infection develops. Dietary changes are only needed if food allergies are suspected.
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Wikipedia