Indonesia Christian Church

The Indonesian Christian Church (GKI, originally: Gereja Kristen Indonesia) is an Indonesian Church of Presbyterian denomination. The church's theology is Calvinist.

GKI was established in continuity with the Indonesian Christian Church in West Java, Central Java and East Java. These three denominations were originally independent, each arising from separate missionary initiatives conducted by local and foreign missionaries. The first of these denominations to be established, later coming to be known as the Indonesian Christian Church East Java, was incorporated on 22 February 1934. Six years later, and coming to be known as the Indonesian Christian Church West Java, the second denomination was incorporated on 24 March 1940. Finally, on 8 August 1945, the Indonesian Christian Churches Central Java was incorporated. Since 27 March 1962, the three denominations have been united as the Indonesian Christian Church, with the overall governing responsibility maintained by the General Synod (Sinode Am), which aims to co-ordinate united efforts towards common goals.

Both GKI West Java and GKI East Java were originally affiliated with the Dutch Hervormd mission, whereas GKI Central Java was affiliated with the Dutch Gereformeerd mission. Additionally, GKI West Java originally included a number of congregations operating as a distinct presbytery, which was affiliated with local and foreign Chinese Evangelical missions. Despite the differences in liturgy and church government between the various congregations and denominations, all the congregation from the three previous GKIs, without exception, consented to the merger at the time GKI united.

GKI’s organization consists of the congregation, presbytery, regional synod and Synod. Each organisation respectively was led by the congregation council (session), the presbytery council, the regional synod council and the synod council. As the Synod consists of regional synods, regional synod consists of presbyteries, presbytery consists of congregations, so synod council consists of all regional synod councils, regional synod council consists of all presbytery councils and presbytery councils consists of all congregational councils. In short, synod councils consists of all GKI councils which are composed of elders and ministers.

Church government in the congregation was run by an executive congregation council, the presbytery assemblies was run by an executive presbytery council, the regional synod was run by executive regional synod council and the synod was run by executive synod council. This kind of organisation was acknowledged as the presbyterial-Synodal system. What was unique of GKI Presbyterial-Synodal is that, each form of GKI church organisation has its own council as servant-leaders, not a mere executive board.

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