Indibilis and Mandonius

Indibilis and Mandonius (fl. 3rd century BC) were chieftains of the Ilergetes, an ancient Iberian (pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula. Polybius speaks of the brothers as the most influential and powerful of the Spanish chieftains in that time period.Livy calls one of the chieftains of the Ilergetes "Indibilis", while Polybius gives "Andobales" for the same person. They agree that his brother chieftain was Mandonius.

Indibilis fought against the Romans and sided with the Carthaginians at the Battle of Cissa in 218 BC, when Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus fought them. Indibilis was defeated at this battle and became a prisoner, along with the Carthaginian general Hanno. In 217 BC, Indibilis had regained his freedom and, with his younger brother Mandonius, decided to harass neighboring Spanish tribes that were friendly to, and in alliance with, Rome. This harassment was fended off by Calvus by counter measures that involved killing off some of Indibilis's tribesmen, taking some prisoners, and disarming the others. When Hasdrubal Barca, who was in northwestern Spain, heard of this, he came back to help out his Spanish allies south of the Ebro River. At this time, the tide of war took a turn because of unexpected intelligence received by Calvus from the Celtiberians. The Celtiberi were induced to collaborate with Calvus and invade New Carthage. On the way there, the combined armies took three fortified towns and fought two successful battles with Hasdrubal and Indibilis with Mandonius. Calvus with the combined armies killed 15,000 of the enemy and took 4,000 prisoners.

This pretty well kept Indibilis and Mandonius and their remaining tribesmen out of the picture until 211 BC. At that time, they gathered 7,500 Suessetani and joined forces with Hasdrubal.Publius Cornelius Scipio, father to Scipio Africanus and younger brother of Calvus, decided to attack the Iberian chieftain brothers as they were moving across his line of retreat from his camp. Scipio didn't want to be trapped and surrounded by Carthaginians. He marched at midnight to meet them and skirmished with them about daybreak. Scipio was speared with a lance and killed here at the Battle of Castulo, part of the Battle of the Upper Baetis. Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus, Scipio’s older brother, was killed at the Battle of Ilorca, the other part of the battle of the Upper Baetis, a few days later.

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