Independent Subway System

Independent Subway System
A New York Transit Museum set of Arnines, the original series of cars that were operated by the IND
Operation
Owner	City of New York
Operator(s)	New York City Transit Authority
Depot(s)	Concourse Yard, Jamaica Yard, Pitkin Yard, 207th Street Yard
Rolling stock	R32, R42, R46, R68, R68A, R160
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Route map The sections of the IND and the date each was opened.

The Independent Subway System (IND or ISS), formerly known as the Independent City-Owned Subway System (ICOS) or the Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad, was a rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York City Subway. It was first constructed as the "Eighth Avenue Line" in Manhattan in 1932.

One of three rail networks that became part of the modern New York City subway, the IND was intended to be fully owned and operated by the municipal government, in contrast to the privately operated or jointly-funded Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) companies. It was merged with these two networks in 1940.

The original IND service lines are the modern subway's A, B, C, D, E, F and G services. In addition, the BMT's M, Q and R now run partly on IND trackage. The Rockaway Park Shuttle supplements the A service. For operational purposes, the IND and BMT lines and services are referred to jointly as the B Division.