Ilyushin Il-14
| Il-14 | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Il-14G of Aeroflot at Arlanda Airport in 1970 | |
| Role | Airliner |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Ilyushin |
| First flight | 1 October 1950 |
| Introduction | 1954 (Aeroflot) |
| Retired | 1998 (Vietnamese Air Force) 1998 (Syrian Air Force) 2005 (Russian CAA) |
| Status | Very few operational |
| Primary users |
Soviet Air Force Aeroflot Egyptian Air Force |
| Number built | 1,348 |
| Developed from | Ilyushin Il-12 |
The Ilyushin Il-14 (NATO reporting name: Crate) was a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950, and entered service in 1954. Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VVB Flugzeugbau, in Czechoslovakia as the Avia 14, and in China under the Chinese designation Y-6. The Ilyushin Il-14 was typically replaced by the Antonov An-24 and Yakovlev Yak-40.
The Il-14 was developed as a replacement for the widespread Douglas DC-3 and its Soviet built version, the Lisunov Li-2. A development of the earlier Ilyushin Il-12, (that first flew in 1945), the Il-14 was intended for use in both military and civil applications. The Il-12 had major problems with poor engine-out behaviour. Also, it had less payload capability than was originally planned (although the Il-12 was intended to carry 32 passengers, in service it only carried 18, which was uneconomical).
The development into the Il-14 was a vast improvement over the Il-12, with a new wing and a broader tailfin. It was powered by two 1,400 kW (1,900 hp) Shvetsov ASh-82T-7 radial piston engines. These changes greatly improved aerodynamic performance in engine-out conditions.
Total production of the Il-14 was 1,345 aircraft: 1,065 in Moscow (Moscow Machinery Plant Nr.30) from 1956 to 1958 and Tashkent (Factory Nr.84) from 1954 to 1958. Licensed production of 80 in East Germany by VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (FWD) from 1956 to 1959 and 203 in Czechoslovakia by Avia, Prague, from 1956 to 1960. It was rugged and reliable, and thus was widely used in rural areas with poor quality airfields.
The type was also used by the East German aircraft industry as a test aircraft for the horizontal stabilizer of the Baade 152.
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