ISO 2709

ISO 2709 is an ISO standard for bibliographic descriptions, titled Information and documentation—Format for information exchange.

It is maintained by the Technical Committee for Information and Documentation (TC 46).

A format for the exchange of bibliographic Information, it was developed in the 1960s under the direction of Henriette Avram of the Library of Congress to encode the information printed on library cards. It was first created as ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.2, one of the first standards for information technology, and called Information Interchange Format. The 1981 version of the standard was titled Documentation—Format for bibliographic information interchange on magnetic tape. The latest edition of that standard is ANSI/NISO Z39.2-1994 (ISSN 1041-5653). The ISO standard supersedes Z39.2. As of December 2008 the current standard is ISO 2709:2008.

An ISO 2709 record has three sections:

Note that although tags are often displayed as labels on bibliographic fields and each bibliographic field has an associated tag, the tags are stored in the directory not in the bibliographic field.

There are three kinds of fields in the ISO 2709 record:

MARC21 library cataloging record coded in ISO 2709 format. MARC21 is an instance of ISO 2709 that has the following characteristics:

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