Hyponatraemia

Hyponatremia
Synonyms	hyponatraemia
Sodium
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Internal medicine
ICD-10	E87.1
ICD-9-CM	276.1
DiseasesDB	6483
MedlinePlus	000394
eMedicine	emerg/275 med/1130 ped/1124
Patient UK	Hyponatremia
MeSH	D007010
[]

Hyponatremia, also spelled hyponatraemia, is a low sodium level in the blood. Symptoms can vary from none to severe. Mild symptoms include a decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, and poor balance. Severe symptoms include confusion, seizures, and coma. Normal serum sodium levels are 135–145 mmol/L (135–145 mEq/L). Hyponatremia is generally defined as a serum sodium level of less than 135 mmol/L and is considered severe when the level is below 120 mmol/L.

The cause of hyponatremia is typically classified by a person's fluid status into low volume, normal volume, and high volume. Low volume hyponatremia can occur from diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, and sweating. Normal volume hyponatremia is divided into cases with dilute urine and concentrated urine. Cases in which the urine is dilute include adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and drinking too much water or too much beer. Cases in which the urine is concentrated include syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). High volume hyponatremia can occur from heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. Conditions that can lead to falsely low sodium measurements include high protein levels such as in multiple myeloma, high blood fat levels, and high blood sugar.

...
Wikipedia