Hypertensive states of pregnancy

Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
Synonyms	Maternal hypertensive disorder
Frequency	20.7 million (2015)
Deaths	46,900 (2015)
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Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, also known as maternal hypertensive disorder, is a group of diseases that includes preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and chronic hypertension.

Maternal hypertensive disorders occurred in about 20.7 million women in 2013. About 10% of pregnancies globally are complicated by hypertensive diseases. In the United States hypertensive disease of pregnancy affect about 8% to 13% of pregnancies. Rates have increased in the developing world. They resulted in 29,000 deaths in 2013 down from 37,000 deaths in 1990. They are one of the three major causes of death in pregnancy (16%) along with post partum bleeding (13%) and puerperal infections (2%).

A classification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy uses 4 categories, as recommended by the U.S. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy:

This terminology is preferred over the older but widely used term pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) because it is more precise. The newer terminology reflects simply relation of pregnancy with either the onset or first detection of hypertension and that the question of causation, while pathogenetically interesting, is not the important point for most health care purposes. This classification treats HELLP syndrome as a type of preeclampsia rather than a parallel entity.

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