Hydrogen-like atom

A hydrogen-like ion is any atomic nucleus with one electron and thus is isoelectronic with hydrogen. Except for the hydrogen atom itself (which is neutral), these ions carry the positive charge ${\displaystyle e(Z-1)}$, where ${\displaystyle Z}$ is the atomic number of the atom. Examples of hydrogen-like ions are He⁺, Li²⁺, Be³⁺ and B⁴⁺. Because hydrogen-like ions are two-particle systems with an interaction depending only on the distance between the two particles, their (non-relativistic) Schrödinger equation can be solved in analytic form, as can the (relativistic) Dirac equation. The solutions are one-electron functions and are referred to as hydrogen-like atomic orbitals.

Other systems may also be referred to as "hydrogen-like atoms", such as muonium (an electron orbiting a muon), positronium (an electron and a positron), certain exotic atoms (formed with other particles), or Rydberg atoms (in which one electron is in such a high energy state that it sees the rest of the atom practically as a point charge).

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