Hunky Culture

Hunky is an ethnic slur used in the United States to refer to a laborer from Central Europe. It originated in the coal regions of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, where Poles and other immigrants from Central Europe (Hungarians (Magyar), Rusyns, Slovaks) came to perform hard manual labor on the mines. They were called "hunkies" by the American public, which lumped them together into a category of Slavic immigrants, irrespective of their individual ethnic background. The use of the term as an ethnic slur has fallen into disuse, but the term hunky and the public image associated with it has historic relevance in the perception of Slavic immigrants in the United States. There is some usage of the term in other forms; for example, it is used to describe any mill worker in regions of Pennsylvania, as part of the term Mill Hunky.

The terms Hunky and Bohunk can be applied to various Slavic and Hungarian immigrants who moved to America from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The immigrants came en masse prior to the turn of the twentieth century (starting around 1880) seeking opportunity and religious freedom^{[citiation needed]}. The Hunkies' image was a departure from Hungarian prestige that peaked around Lajos Kossuth's visit in 1851-1852, aka Triumphal Tour.

In 1990 artist Luis Jimenez titled a work the "Hunky Steelworker" from reading about the phrase being used in Western Pennsylvania and it was chosen to be among the hallmarks of that years Three Rivers Arts Festival in Pittsburgh. Following protests that were even joined by local politicians calling out the work for stereotyping Hunky culture Jiminez gave his blessing to have the "Hunky" sandblasted off the sculpture and renamed simply "Steel Worker".

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