Hugh Rowlands Gough, CMG, OBE, TD (19 September 1905 – 13 November 1997) was an Anglican bishop.
Gough was born into a clerical family. He was educated at Weymouth College and Trinity College, Cambridge and made deacon in 1928 and ordained a priest in 1929. His first position was as a curate at St Mary’s Islington.
He was then successively perpetual curate of St Paul's Walcot, Bath, vicar of St James' Carlisle, a chaplain in the British Armed Forces during World War II and (before his consecration to the episcopate) the Rural Dean of Islington in 1946 and prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, London, in 1948.
He was the Bishop of Barking from 1948 to 1959 and Archdeacon of West Ham for most of that time before he was translated to be the Archbishop of Sydney, during which time he also served as Primate of the Church of England in Australia.
In 1961 he courted controversy by attacking atheist philosophers at Sydney University such as John Anderson for corrupting the youth.