The Hôtel de Rambouillet was the Paris residence of Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet, Madame de Rambouillet, who ran a renowned literary salon there from 1620 until 1648. Formerly the Hôtel de Pisani, it was situated in the rue Saint-Thomas-du-Louvre, in a former quarter of Paris (demolished at the beginning of the 19th century) between the Louvre and Tuileries palaces, near the then much smaller Place du Carrousel, in the area of what was to become the Pavillon Turgot of the Louvre Museum. (This Hôtel de Rambouillet, formerly Hôtel de Pisani, should not be confused with the one by same name situated on Rue Saint-Honoré, which belonged to the d'Angennes family who sold it in December 1602, and on which site Cardinal Richelieu began building his Palais-Cardinal in 1624.)
Members of her salon, received in the intimacy of her Chambre Bleue, admitted to the ruelle—the space between her daybed and the wall of the alcove— represented the flower of contemporary French literature, fashion, and wit, including Madame de Sévigné, Madame de La Fayette, Mademoiselle de Scudéry, the Duchesse de Longueville, the Duchesse de Montpensier, Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, Bossuet, Jean Chapelain, Corneille, François de Malherbe, Racan, Richelieu, La Rochefoucauld, Paul Scarron, Claude Favre de Vaugelas, and Vincent Voiture. They adopted for themselves the term précieux, which became a term of abuse when satirized by Molière in Les Précieuses ridicules (1659).