Hosokawa Sumimoto (細川 澄元?, 1489 – June 24, 1520) was a samurai commander in the Muromachi period during the 16th century of Japan.
Sumimoto was one of the few sons of Hosokawa Yoshiharu and an adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto, who was the Kanrei of the Ashikaga shogunate. His roots was the Hosokawa clan at Awa Province.
Masamoto did not have his own child and originally had decided to let Hosokawa Sumiyuki, who was from Kujyō clan, succeed the house. However, he changed his mind later and decided to let Sumimoto, who was adopted after Sumiyuki, succeed the house. This naturally caused a rift between Sumimoto and Sumiyuki.
In 1507, Masamoto was killed by an adherent of Sumiyuki. Sumimoto was attacked by a retainer of Sumiyuki, Kozai Motonaga, and escaped to Koga, Ōmi Province, taking refuge at Rokkaku Takayori. Following this, a powerful vassal under the Hosokawa, known as Miyoshi Yukinaga (Nagateru), raised troops in Settsu and destroyed Sumiyuki in the young Sumimoto's name. After repulsing Sumiyuki, Sumimoto succeeded the house in proper form.
He and Hosokawa Takakuni, who was from a branch of Hosokawa clan and also another foster son of Masamoto, supported Ashikaga Yoshizumi, who was backed up to the 11th Shogun by Masamoto. In 1493, Masamoto had deposed the 10th Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiki (Yoshitane), who later escaped from confinement and fled to eastern countries, looking for a chance to regain his position.