Horst Böhme, born Johann Friedrich Horst Böhme (30 May 1908 in Bernau bei Berlin – 27 July 1996 in Arolsen) was a German chemist. He became an expert on mustard gas. During the war he worked from 1943 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at Berlin-Dahlem. After the war he became a professor of chemistry and a rector of the University of Marburg.