Homogeneous (chemistry)

A homogeneous mixture is a solid, liquid or gaseous mixture that has the same proportions of its components throughout a given sample (or multiple samples of different proportion). Conversely, a heterogeneous mixture is not uniform in composition, but proportions of its components vary throughout the sample. "Homogeneous" and "heterogeneous" are not absolute terms, but depend on context and size of the sample. In chemistry, a homogeneous suspension of material means that when dividing the volume in half, the same amount of material is suspended in both halves of the substance. However, it might be possible to see the particles under the microscope. An example of a homogeneous mixture is air.

In physical chemistry and materials science that refers to substances and mixtures which are in a single phase. This is in contrast to a substance that is heterogeneous.

A solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture. Solutions are homogeneous because the ratio of solute to solvent remains the same throughout the solution even if homogenized with multiple sources, and stable because the solute will not settle out after any period of time, and it cannot be removed by a filter or a centrifuge. This type of mixture is very stable, i.e., its particles do not settle, or separate. As a homogeneous mixture, a solution has one phase (liquid) although the solute and solvent can vary: for example, salt water.

Air can be more specifically described as a gaseous solution (oxygen and other gases dissolved in the major component, nitrogen). Since interactions between molecules play almost no role, dilute gases form rather trivial solutions. In part of the literature, they are not even classified as solutions.

In chemistry, a mixture is a substance containing two or more elements or compounds that are not covalently bound to each other and which retain their own chemical and physical identities; – a substance which has two or more physical substances. Mixtures, in the broader sense, are two or more substances physically in the same place, but these are not chemically combined, and therefore ratios are not necessarily considered.

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