Holger Simon Paulli (22 February 1810, Copenhagen – 23 December 1891, Copenhagen) was a Danish conductor and composer.
Paulli was a violin student of Claus Schall. He joined the Royal Danish Orchestra, and became its conductor in 1864. At the same time, he also conducted the Orchestra of the Cecilia Foreningen, and assumed the directorship of the Copenhagen Conservatory in 1866. With his performances of Lohengrin and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg he contributed greatly to the spread of Richard Wagner's work in Denmark.
He conducted the Royal Danish Orchestra in the world premiere of Edvard Grieg's Piano Concerto in A minor, in the Casino Concert Hall in Copenhagen on 3 April 1869. The soloist was Edmund Neupert.
Paulli composed an opera, thirteen ballets, an overture, and pieces for violin and lieder.