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Holborn, London, England

Holborn
142 Holborn Bars, London.jpg
Holborn Bars, built 1879–1901, headquarters of Prudential Assurance, at 138–142 Holborn
Holborn is located in Greater London
Holborn
Holborn
Holborn shown within Greater London
Population 13,023 (2011 Census. Holborn and Covent Garden Ward)
OS grid reference TQ305815
London borough
Ceremonial county Greater London
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town LONDON
Postcode district WC1, WC2
Postcode district EC1
Dialling code 020
Police Metropolitan
Fire London
Ambulance London
EU Parliament London
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London
51°31′02″N 0°07′06″W / 51.5172°N 0.1182°W / 51.5172; -0.1182Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°07′06″W / 51.5172°N 0.1182°W / 51.5172; -0.1182

Holborn (/ˈhbərn/ HOH-bə(r)n or /ˈhɒlbərn/ ) is a district in the West End, central London, forming part of the London Borough of Camden.

The area's first mention is in a charter of Westminster Abbey, by King Edgar, dated to 959. This mentions "the old wooden church of St Andrew" (St Andrew, Holborn). The name Holborn may be derived from the Middle English "hol" for hollow, and bourne, a brook, referring to the River Fleet as it ran through a steep valley to the east. Historical cartographer William Shepherd in his Plan of London about 1300 labels the Fleet as "Hole Bourn" where it passes to the east of St Andrew's church. However, the 16th century historian John Stow attributes the name to the Old Bourne ("old brook"), a small stream which he believed ran into the Fleet at Holborn Bridge, a structure lost when the river was culverted in 1732. The exact course of the stream is uncertain, but according to Stow it started in one of the many small springs near Holborn Bar, the old City toll gate on the summit of Holborn Hill. This is supported by a map of London and Westminster created during the reign of Henry VIII that clearly marks the street as 'Oldbourne' and 'High Oldbourne'. Other historians, however, find the theory implausible, in view of the slope of the land.


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