Hidetada Tokugawa
| Tokugawa Hidetada | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Shogun | |
|
In office 1605–1623 |
|
| Monarch | Go-Yōzei |
| Preceded by | Tokugawa Ieyasu |
| Succeeded by | Tokugawa Iemitsu |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 2, 1579 |
| Died | March 14, 1632 (aged 52) |
| Children |
Among Others... |
| Parents |
Tokugawa Ieyasu Saigō-no-Tsubone |
Among Others...
Tokugawa Hidetada (徳川 秀忠, May 2, 1579 – March 14, 1632) was the second shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Tokugawa Hidetada was born to Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Lady Saigō (the first of his many consorts) on May 2, 1579. This was shortly before Lady Tsukiyama, Ieyasu's official wife, and their son Tokugawa Nobuyasu were executed on suspicion of plotting to assassinate Oda Nobunaga, who was Nobuyasu's father-in-law and Ieyasu's ally. By killing his wife and son, Ieyasu declared his loyalty to Nobunaga. In 1589, Hidetada's mother fell ill, her health rapidly deteriorated, and she died at Sunpu Castle. Later Hidetada with his brother, Matsudaira Tadayoshi, was raised by Lady Chaa, one of Ieyasu's concubines.
The traditional power base of the Tokugawa clan was Mikawa. In 1590, the new ruler of Japan, Toyotomi Hideyoshi enlisted Tokugawa Ieyasu and others in attacking the domain of the Hōjō in what became known as the Siege of Odawara (1590). Hideyoshi enlisted Ieyasu for this campaign by promising to exchange the five provinces under Ieyasu's control for the eight Kantō provinces, including the city of Edo. In order to keep Ieyasu from defecting to the Hōjō side (since the Hōjō and the Tokugawa were formerly on friendly terms), Hideyoshi took the eleven-year-old Hidetada as a hostage. In 1592 Hideyoshi presided over Hidetada's coming of age ceremony; it was then that Ieyasu's son dropped his childhood name, Nagamaru (長丸), and assumed the name Hidetada. He was named the heir of the Tokugawa family, being the eldest surviving son of Ieyasu, and his favorite (since Ieyasu's eldest son had been previously executed, and his second son was adopted by Hideyoshi while still an infant). In 1593, Hidetada returned to his father's side.
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