Hi-C (experiment)

Chromosome conformation capture techniques (often abbreviated to 3C technologies or 3C-based methods) are a set of molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell. These methods quantify the number of interactions between genomic loci that are nearby in 3-D space, but may be separated by many nucleotides in the linear genome. Such interactions may result from biological functions, such as promoter-enhancer interactions, or from random polymer looping, where undirected physical motion of chromatin causes loci to collide. Interaction frequencies may be analyzed directly, or they may be converted to distances and used to reconstruct 3-D structures.

The chief difference between 3C-based methods is their scope. For example, in 3C, the interactions between two specific fragments are quantified. In contrast, Hi-C quantifies interactions between all possible pairs of fragments simultaneously.

Historically, microscopy was the primary method of investigating nuclear organization, which can be dated back to 1590 .

In 1879, Walther Flemming coined the term chromatin .

In 1883, August Weismann connected chromatin with heredity.

In 1884, Albrecht Kossel discovered histones.

In 1888, Sutton and Boveri proposed the theory of continuity of chromatin during the cell cycle

In 1889, Wilhelm von Waldemeyer created the term "chromosome".

In 1928, Emil Heitz coined the term Heterochromatin and Euchromatin.

In 1942, Conrad Waddington postulated the epigenetic landscapes.

In 1948, R. D. Hotchkiss discovered DNA methylation.

In 1953, Watson and Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA.

In 1961, Lyon postulated the principle of XCI.

In 1973/1974, chromatin fiber was discovered.

In 1975, Chambon coined the term nucleosomes.

In 1982, Chromosome territories were discovered.

In 1984, John T. Lis innovated the Chromatin immunoprecipitation technique.

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