Heywood-class attack transport
USS Heywood (APA-6), lead ship of the Heywood class
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Heywood class |
| Builders: | Bethlehem Steel |
| Operators: |
 United States Navy
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| Preceded by: | McCawley class |
| Succeeded by: | Harry Lee class |
| Built: | 1919 |
| In service: | Commercial: 1930s-1940 |
| In commission: | Navy: 1940-1946 |
| Completed: | 5 (acquired) |
| Lost: | 1 |
| Retired: | 4 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | Heywood-class attack transport |
| Displacement: | 8,000 tons (lt) 14,450 t.(fl) |
| Length: | 507 ft (155 m) |
| Beam: | 56 ft (17 m) |
| Draft: | 25 ft 6 in (7.77 m) |
| Propulsion: |
1 × De Laval geared turbine drive, 4 × Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers, 1 propeller, designed shaft horsepower 9,500 |
| Speed: | 16-17 knots |
| Capacity: |
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| Complement: | 43-50 officers, 337-524 enlisted |
| Armament: | (1945): 4 × 3"/50 cal dual-purpose guns, 4 × 40mm gun mounts, 8-16 × single 20mm gun mounts.. |
1 × De Laval geared turbine drive, 4 × Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers,
The Heywood-class attack transport was a class of US Navy attack transport built in 1919 that saw service in World War II.
Like all attack transports, the purpose of the Heywood class ships was to transport troops and their equipment to hostile shores in order to execute amphibious invasions. To fulfill their mission, attack transports were fitted with a substantial number of integral landing craft, and were well armed with antiaircraft weaponry to protect themselves and their vulnerable cargo of troops from air attack in the battle zone.
The Heywood class is amongst the few classes of attack transport that were converted from pre-war tonnage rather than built from either Maritime Commission or Victory ship hull types during the war.
The origins of the Heywood class go back to the U.S. entry into World War I. At that time, the US Shipping Board was set up to modernize America's merchant cargo fleet, and to provide ships suitable for service as naval auxiliaries. One of the Board's contracts was subsequently with Bethlehem Steel for the building of a class of ships which were to be 444 feet (135 m) long. They were known as the "444 class" after their length in feet.
Although they arrived too late to see service in the First World War, four ships of the class were duly completed in 1919. As the Navy no longer had use for them, they remained idle in the hands of the USSB through the 1920s, but around 1930 they were purchased by the Baltimore Steamship Company and substantially modified into passenger/cargo vessels according to a Gibbs & Cox design. The modifications included lengthening the ships to from 444 to 507 feet (155 m), installing accommodation for 81 tourist class passengers, and upgrading their powerplants to provide greater power and speed. Baltimore Steamship subsequently employed them on passenger, fast freight and mail runs between various US ports and between the US and Europe.
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