Hessian soldiers

Hessians
Two Hessian soldiers of the Leibregiment.
Country	Hesse-Kassel
Part of	Most served with but were not incorporated into the British Army
Nickname(s)	"Hessian mercenaries"
Engagements	American Revolutionary War Battle of Long Island Landing at Kip's Bay Battle of Edgar's Lane Battle of White Plains Battle of Fort Washington Battle of Fort Lee Battle of Iron Works Hill Battle of Trenton Forage War Battle of Bound Brook Battle of Short Hills Siege of Fort Ticonderoga Battle of Hubbardton Siege of Fort Stanwix Battle of Bennington Battle of Staten Island Battle of Cooch's Bridge Battle of Brandywine Battle of the Clouds Battles of Saratoga Battle of Germantown Battle of Red Bank Battle of Gloucester Battle of White Marsh Battle of Barren Hill Battle of Monmouth Great Siege of Gibraltar Capture of Fort Bute Battle of Baton Rouge Siege of Charleston Battle of Connecticut Farms Battle of Springfield Battle of Mobile Siege of Pensacola Battle of Spencer's Ordinary Battle of Green Spring Battle of Groton Heights Siege of Yorktown Battle of Johnstown Raid on Lunenburg
Commanders
Notable commanders	Wilhelm von Knyphausen Johann Rall †

American Revolutionary War

Hessians /ˈhɛʃən/ were the 18th century German auxiliaries contracted for military service by the British government, which found it easier to borrow money to pay for their service than to recruit its own soldiers. They took their name from the German state of Hesse-Kassel. The British hired Hessian troops for combat duty in several eighteenth century conflicts, but they are most widely associated with combat operations in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).

About 30,000 German soldiers fought for the British during the American Revolutionary War, making up a quarter of the troops the British sent to America. They entered the British service as entire units, fighting under their own German flags, commanded by their usual officers, and wearing their existing uniforms. The largest contingent came from the state of Hesse, which supplied about 40% of the German troops who fought for the British. The large number of troops from Hesse-Kassel led to the use of the term Hessians to refer to all German troops fighting on the British side, a form of synecdoche. The others were rented from other small German states.

Patriots presented the soldiers as foreign mercenaries with no stake in America. Many of the men were press-ganged into Hessian service. Deserters were summarily executed or beaten by an entire company. Hessian prisoners of war were put to work on local farms.

The small German states of the Holy Roman Empire had professional armies, which their ruling princes were sometimes willing to hire out for service with other armies as mercenaries. When military conflict broke out, the German states provided a ready supply of trained troops that was ready to go into action immediately. Hesse-Kassel was particularly prominent in this role: