Heresy in Orthodox Judaism

Heresy in Orthodox Judaism (Hebrew: כְּפִירָה‎ kefira) is principally defined as departure from the traditional Jewish principles of faith. Normative Orthodox Judaism holds that rejection of the standard meaning of Maimonides' 13 principles of Jewish faith involves heresy, although the status of creed in Medieval Jewish philosophy involved less canonical centrality than in non-Jewish notions of heresy. In contemporary society, Orthodox Judaism widely holds that most Jews distanced from religious identification and practice are considered to be in the Talmudic status of Tinok shenishba, brought up without sufficient knowledge of Judaism to be expected to follow it, and instead should be welcomed to discover Jewish thought and observance as much as possible.

The Greek term ἁίρεσις originally denoted "division," "sect," "religious" or "philosophical party," and is applied by Josephus to the three Jewish sects: Sadducees, Pharisees, and Essenes. The specific rabbinical term for heresies, or religious divisions due to an illegitimate spirit, is מינים (minim) (lit. "kinds [of belief]"; the singular מין (min) (literally, "a kind") for heretic or Gnostic is coined idiomatically, like goy and `Am ha-aretz). An alternative term, אפיקורוס (Apiqoros/Apikoros), which may have a different status, and is often used for apostates who turned towards agnosticism or atheism, is derived from Epicurus and the philosophy of Epicureanism.

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