Hepatic tumour
| Liver cancer | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Hepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancer |
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| CT scan of a liver with cholangiocarcinoma | |
| Specialty | oncology |
| Symptoms | Lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, weakness |
| Usual onset | 55 to 65 years old |
| Causes | Cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcohol, aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver flukes |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests, medical imaging, tissue biopsy |
| Prevention | Immunization against hepatitis B, treating those infected with hepatitis B or C |
| Treatment | Surgery, targeted therapy, radiation therapy |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival rates ~ 18% (US) |
| Frequency | 618,700 (point in time in 2015) |
| Deaths | 810,500 (2015) |
| Classification |
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| External resources |
Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver. Cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver, known as liver metastasis, is more common than that which starts in the liver. Symptoms of liver cancer may include a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, and weakness.
The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcohol. Other causes include aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver flukes. The most common types are (HCC), which makes up 80% of cases, and cholangiocarcinoma. Less common types include mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary biliary neoplasm. The diagnosis may be supported by blood tests and medical imaging with confirmation by tissue biopsy.
Preventive efforts include immunization against hepatitis B and treating those infected with hepatitis B or C. Screening is recommended in those with chronic liver disease. Treatment options may include surgery, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy. In certain cases ablation therapy, embolization therapy, or liver transplantation may be used. Small lumps in the liver may be simply closely followed.
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Wikipedia