Hejazi Arabic phonology

The phonological system of the Hejazi Arabic consists of approximately 28 consonant phonemes of which two (/θ, ð/) are partially used by a number of speakers, and 8 vowel phonemes /a, u, i, aː, uː, oː, iː, eː/, in addition to 2 diphthongs /aw, aj/.Consonant length and Vowel length are both distinctive in Hejazi.

Hejazi consonant inventory mostly depends on the speaker, where urban speakers use 26 with no interdental phonemes or 28 phonemes with the phonemes /θ/ ⟨ث⟩ and /ð/ ⟨ذ⟩ being used partially and mostly by younger speakers due to the influence of Modern Standard Arabic, while rural or Bedouin speakers use 27 consonant phonemes completely merging the classical phoneme /dˤ/ ⟨ض⟩ with /ðˤ/ ⟨ظ⟩. The phonemes /p/ ⟨پ⟩, /v/ ⟨ڤ⟩ and /t͡ʃ/ ⟨تش⟩ are not considered to be part of the phonemic inventory, since they are not used by all speakers and they exist only in foreign words, and they can be pronounced as /b/ ⟨ب⟩, /f/ ⟨ف⟩ and /ʃ/ ⟨ش⟩ respectively depending on the speaker.

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