Hearts of Oak (New York militia)

Hearts of Oak
"Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804) in the Uniform of the New York Artillery" by Alonzo Chappel (1828-1887)
Active	1775–1776
Allegiance	Province of New York (later – State of New York)
Branch	army
Type	militia
Role	coastal artillery, field artillery
Size	60
Part of	New York Militia
Nickname(s)	The Corsicans
Motto(s)	"God and Our Right"
Colors	Green and red
Engagements	American Revolution
Commanders
Notable commanders	Alexander Hamilton Nicholas Fish Robert Troup

Alexander Hamilton
Nicholas Fish

The Hearts of Oak (originally "The Corsicans") were a volunteer militia based in the British colonial Province of New York and formed circa 1775 in New York City. The original name was evidently adopted in emulation of the enlightened Corsican Republic, headed by Pasquale Paoli, which had been suppressed six years before, and which got considerable sympathy in Britain and its colonies.

Militia members included students at King's College (now Columbia University) such as Nicholas Fish, Robert Troup and, perhaps most famously, Alexander Hamilton. The company drilled in the graveyard of nearby St. Paul's Chapel before classes in uniforms they designed themselves, consisting of short green tight-fitting jackets, a round leather hat with a cockade and the phrase "Liberty or Death" on the band, and a badge of red tin hearts on their jackets with the words "God and Our Right" (the motto Dieu et mon droit, translated into English and adapted to make its possessive pronoun plural).

In August 1775 the Hearts of Oak participated in a successful raid, while under fire from the HMS Asia, to seize cannon from the Battery, thereby becoming an artillery unit thereafter.

In 1776 Hamilton was given a commission as a Captain by the revolutionary New York Provincial Congress with instructions to raise the New York Provincial Company of Artillery (today the Regular Army's 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery) and the mission to protect Manhattan Island. The Hearts of Oak formed its core.