Haplogroup I-M438
| Haplogroup I-M438 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 28-33,000 years ago |
| Possible place of origin | south-eastern Europe |
| Ancestor | I-M170 |
| Descendants | I-L460, I-L1251 |
| Defining mutations | M438/P215/S31 |
| Highest frequencies |
I2a1a: Sardinia I2a1b: Bosnia and Herzegovina, I2a2: Britain, Germany, and Sweden |
I2a1a: Sardinia I2a1b: Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 and previously I2b, is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of Haplogroup I-M170. Haplogroup I-M438 originated some time around 13,000–15,000 BCE and has three main subclades: I-M438*, I-L460, and I-L1251.
The haplogroup reaches its maximum frequency in the Dinaric Alps in the Balkans, where the men are on record as being the tallest in the world, with a male average height of 185.6 cm (6 ft 1.1 in).
Haplogroup I2a may be the haplogroup of the first anatomically modern humans to inhabit Europe, Cro-Magnon. A 2015 study found Y DNA haplogroup I2a in a 13,000 year old, purportedly Cro-Magnon, fossil, of the Azilian culture from Bichon Switzerland The subclades of I-P37.2 - I-M423 and I-M26 were found on remains dated to 10,000 and 8,000 ybp respectively.
Haplogroup I is divided into I1 and I2. Sub-haplogroup I2 is further divided into I2a, I2b and I2c (ISOGG 2016). Further division is made up by SNPs (or Snips), Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.
The I-P37.2+ (or P37.2, L68) is the SNP that defines I2a1. The subclade divergence for I-P37.2 occurred 10.7±4.8 kya. The age of YSTR variation for the P37.2 subclade is 8.0±4.0 kya. It is the predominant Y-DNA lineage in Eastern Europe. The I2a is further made up by sub-groups I-M26, I-M423, I-L1286, I-L880.
Haplogroup I-M26 (or M26) has previously and is still sometimes called Eu-8, I1b2 (YCC), I1b1a, I2a1 or I2a2.
Haplogroup I-L158 (L158, L159.1/S169.1, M26) accounts for approximately 40% of all patrilines among the Sardinians. It is also found at low to moderate frequency among populations of the Pyrenees (9.5% in Bortzerriak, Navarra; 9.7% in Chazetania, Aragon; 8% in Val d'Aran, Catalunya; 2.9% in Alt Urgell, Catalunya; and 8.1% in Baixa Cerdanya, Catalunya) and Iberia, and it has been found in 1.6% of a sample of Albanians living in the Republic of Macedonia and 1.2% (3/257) of a sample of Czechs. The age of YSTR variation for the M26 subclade has been calculated at 8.0±4.0 kya.
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