Haplogroup E-Z827
| Haplogroup E-Z827 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | approx 24,100 years BP |
| Possible place of origin | Northern Africa |
| Ancestor | E-M215/M35 |
| Descendants | E-L19, E-Z830 |
| Defining mutations | Z827 |
E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, is a major human Y chromosome haplogroup. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-V257 subclades, and defines their common ancestry. The former is predominantly found in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East, whereas the latter is most frequently observed in Northwestern Africa. It is also found at lower frequencies in Europe, and in isolated parts of Southeast Africa.
The following phylogeny is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research as summarized by ISOGG.
E-V257/L19 showed a parallel with its sibling clade E-V68 in the way that both clades show signs of having migrated from North Africa to southern Europe across the Mediterranean sea. 6 "E-V257/L19*" individuals were found in published samples who were E-V257/L19, but not E-M81. a Marrakesh Berber, a Corsican, a Sardinian, A Borana from Kenya, a southern Spaniard and a Cantabrian.
Within E-M35, there are striking parallels between two haplogroups, E-V68 and E-V257. Both contain a lineage which has been frequently observed in North Africa (E-M78 and E-M81, respectively) and a group of undifferentiated chromosomes that are mostly found in southern Europe. An expansion of E-M35 carriers, possibly from the Middle East as proposed by other authors, and split into two branches separated by the geographic barrier of the Mediterranean Sea, would explain this geographic pattern. However, the absence of E-V68* and E-V257* in the Middle East makes a maritime spread between northern Africa and southern Europe a more plausible hypothesis.
A project dedicated to researching and understanding the origins of E-V257/L19* is underway at FamilyTreeDNA.com. The name of the project is E1b1b1b*-A
E-V257's dominant sub-clade E-M81 is thought to have originated in the area of North Africa 14,200 years ago.
E-M81 is the most common subclade of E-L19/V257 and found in the Maghreb, dominated by its sub-clade E-M183. This haplogroup reaches a mean frequency of 42% in North Africa, decreasing in frequency from 100% in some isolated Berber populations to approximately 10% to the east of this range in Egypt. Because of its prevalence among these groups and also others such as Mozabite, Middle Atlas, Kabyle and other Berber groups, it is sometimes referred to as a genetic "Berber marker". Pereira et al. (2010) report high levels among Tuareg in two Saharan populations - 77.8% near Gorom-Gorom, in Burkina Faso, and 81.8% from Gossi in Mali. There was a much lower frequency of 11.1% in the vicinity of Tanut in the Republic of Niger.
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