Hamza Bey

Hamza Bey (died 1460) was a 15th-century Ottoman Albanian admiral.

Hamza Bey first appears in 1421, when his brother, Bayezid Pasha, tried unsuccessfully to stop Mustafa Çelebi from taking Edirne. Their troops defected to Mustafa, and Bayezid was executed; Hamza was spared because Junayd of Aydın took pity on his youth. Hamza avenged his brother when he was appointed Beylerbey of Anatolia in 1424: he defeated Junayd, occupied his domains, seized Junayd and his family, and had them executed.

Hamza Bey came to prominence, as a commander in Murad II's fleet, during the siege of Thessalonica, which in 1430 was ultimately successful.

In 1453 Hamza Bey was made commander of the Ottoman fleet during the Fall of Constantinople; replacing Suleiman Baltoghlu, when Baltoghlu failed to stop the escape of three Genoese galleys and a Byzantine ship through the Ottoman blockade of the city. In the final assault on the city, in order to prevent defenders from the reinforcing the critical northern and western parts of the wall, Hamza and the Ottoman fleet was to provide diversionary attacks against the sea walls of Constantinople in the south, on the Sea of Marmara; and against the dam across Golden Horn in the east. On the day of the assault, May 29, Hamza's forces were unable to force the Byzantine defences, with those troops which managed to gain a foothold being easily repulsed. However, overall the Ottoman assault was successful.

Hamza Bey was to remain Commander of the Ottoman fleet until 1456. Following the Fall of Constantinople, the Ottoman fleet was tasked with the conquest of the islands of the Aegean; and Imbros, Lemnos and Thasos fell to the Ottomans. However, stalled by the Knights of Rhodes, Hamza was unable to take the remainder of the Aegean, leaving Christian forces astride the Ottoman route from their new capital to the Mediterranean proper.

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