HMS Calliope (1914)
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| History | |
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 United Kingdom
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| Name: | HMS Calliope |
| Namesake: | Calliope |
| Builder: | Chatham Dockyard |
| Laid down: | 1 January 1914 |
| Launched: | 17 December 1914 |
| Commissioned: | June 1915 |
| Honours and awards: |
Jutland 1916 |
| Fate: | Sold for scrap 28 August 1931 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | C-class light cruiser |
| Tons burthen: | 3,750 tons (3,810 t) |
| Length: | 446 ft (136 m) |
| Beam: | 41.5 ft (12.6 m) |
| Draught: | 14.5 ft (4.4 m) |
| Propulsion: |
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| Speed: | 28.5 knots (53 km/h) |
| Range: | carried 405 tons (772 tons maximum) of fuel oil |
| Complement: | 324 |
| Armament: |
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| Armour: |
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HMS Calliope was a C-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy under construction at the outbreak of the First World War. Both Calliope and her sister ship Champion were based on the earlier cruiser Caroline. They were effectively test ships for the use of geared turbines which resulted in the one less funnel. They also received slightly thicker armour. They led into the first of the Cambrian subclass.
Eight light cruisers were ordered for the Royal Navy in the 1913 budget. The six ships of the Caroline class used conventional direct drive turbine engines but Calliope and Caroline each had a different engine design using geared reduction to match optimum working speeds of turbines and propellers. This followed experimental designs ordered in 1911 using geared high pressure turbines for the destroyers Badger and Beaver and in 1912 using gearing for both high pressure and low pressure turbines in destroyers Leonidas and Lucifer.
Calliope was built at HM Dockyard, Chatham, Kent. She was laid down in January 1914, launched on 17 December 1914, and completed in June 1915.
Calliope had four shafts as used in the Caroline design but unlike the two used in Champion. Gearing increased the efficiency of power transmission to the water so allowed smaller boilers and turbines to be used than otherwise would be the case. Nominal design power for the same target speed was therefore reduced from 40,000 shp in the Caroline class to 37,500 shp. Propeller speed was 480 rpm.
Commissioned in June 1915, Calliope was assigned to the Grand Fleet for service as flagship of the 4th Light Cruiser Squadron. She was badly damaged by a fuel oil fire in her boiler room while at sea on 19 March 1916, but was repaired in time to be one of the five ships in the 4th Light Cruiser Squadron at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May-1 June 1916. Under the command of Commodore Charles E. Le Mesurier, HMS Calliope received a number of hits just before nightfall on 31 May (notably by the German battleships Kaiser and Markgraf), and 10 of her crew were killed.
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