Hồ Quý Ly
| Thánh Nguyên | |||||
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| Emperor of Đại Ngu | |||||
| Emperor of Hồ dynasty | |||||
| Reign | 1400 – 1401 | ||||
| Predecessor | Dynasty established | ||||
| Successor | Hồ Hán Thương | ||||
| Born | 1336 | ||||
| Died | 1407 | ||||
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| House | Hồ Dynasty | ||||
| Dynasty | Hồ Dynasty | ||||
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| Real name(s): Lê Quý Ly Hồ Lý Nguyên Hồ Quý Ly |
Hồ Quý Ly (; 1336–1407), also called Lê Quý Ly (黎季犛), was the founder and first emperor (1400–01) of the Hồ Dynasty of Vietnam, who rose from the post as a mandarin under the Trần Dynasty. His reigning title was Thánh Nguyên.
China's province of Zhejiang around the 940s was the origin of the Chinese Hồ/Hú family.
In 1400, Hồ Quý Ly dethroned the last Trần emperor and declared himself emperor, establishing the Hồ Dynasty and renaming the country from Đại Việt to Đại Ngu. During his reign, he made several significant economic and administrative reforms. Back in 1396, his law of using paper money instead of bronze coins failed. This happened mostly because of the lack in credibility of paper money as it was easy to duplicate at that time. Back in 1397, he had the policy on land limits promulgated, stipulating the area of land to be owned by aristocrats, mandarins and landlords; he ordered to use chữ Nôm as official writing system instead of chữ Hán among others.
In 1401 and 1402, Quy Ly sent expeditions against Champa. The last one resulted in the Champa King Jaya Simhavarman V relinquishing half it area.
In 1401, he abdicated in favor of his second son Hồ Hán Thương.
Hồ Quý Ly failed to rally his subjects in the war of resistance against an attack by the Ming Yongle Emperor's forces. He was captured in Thien Cam cave and was escorted to China. He was forced to enroll in the Ming army as a common soldier, where he died. His son, Hồ Hán Thương, and grandson, Nhe, also died in Chinese exile.
Hồ Quý Ly has been a subject of controversial debates among Vietnamese historians, some have highly valued his radical thought, while others have regarded him as a guilty usurper. He ordered the construction of a citadel in Thanh Hóa Province in preparation for the prospective resistance to Ming forces. The remnants of this citadel are included in UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.
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Wikipedia