Hélène Esnault (born 1953 in Paris) is a French mathematician. She is a professor of algebraic geometry at Freie Universität Berlin. She worked previously at the University of Duisburg-Essen, the Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in Bonn, and at the University of Paris VII: Denis Diderot.
In 2003 she won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize with her husband, Eckart Viehweg. In 2014 she was elected to the Academia Europaea.