Gyeongsang dialect
| Gyeongsang | |
|---|---|
| Southeastern Korean | |
| 경상도 방언 | |
| Native to | South Korea |
| Region | Yeongnam |
|
Native speakers
|
10 million (date missing) |
|
Koreanic
|
|
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | kyon1247 |
The Gyeongsang dialects (also spelled Kyŏngsang), or Southeastern Korean, are dialects of the Korean language of the Yeongnam region, which includes North and South Gyeongsang provinces. There are approximately ten million speakers. Unlike standard Korean, some variants of the Gyeongsang dialects are tonal.
Gyeongsang dialects vary. A native speaker can distinguish the dialect of Daegu from that of Busan despite the two cities being less than 100 kilometers apart. Dialectal forms are relatively similar along the midstream of Nakdong River but are different near Busan and Ulsan, Jinju and Pohang as well as along the eastern slopes of Mount Jiri.
Most Gyeongsang dialects have six vowels, a (ㅏ), e (ㅔ), eo (ㅓ), o (ㅗ), u (ㅜ), i (ㅣ). In most areas, the vowels ㅐ(ae) and ㅔ (e) are conflated, as are ㅡ(eu) and ㅓ(eo). W and y are generally dropped after a consonant, especially in South Gyeongsang dialects. For example, soegogi (쇠고기) 'beef' is pronounced sogogi, and gwaja (과자) 'sweets' is pronounced gaja.
Vowel harmony differs from the standard language. For instance, oneul (오늘), meaning "today," is pronounced onal. The main difference is that e is considered a central vowel.
Vowels are fronted when the following syllable has a y or i, unless a coronal consonant intervenes. For example, eomi 'mother' is emi, and gogi 'meat' is gegi.
Gyeongsang dialects lack the tense consonant ss (ㅆ). Thus, the speakers pronounce ssal (쌀), meaning rice, sal (살). Palatalization is widespread: gy and ky are pronounced j and ch, while hy is pronounced s. Many words have tense consonants where the standard is tenuis. Middle Korean z and β are preserved as s and b.
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