Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
| Gustavo Díaz Ordaz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 49th President of Mexico | |
|
In office 1 December 1964 – 30 November 1970 |
|
| Preceded by | Adolfo López Mateos |
| Succeeded by | Luis Echeverría |
| Governor of Puebla | |
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In office 1942–1945 |
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| Preceded by | Carlos I. Betancourt |
| Succeeded by | Gonzalo Bautista Castillo |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños 12 March 1911 Ciudad Serdán, Puebla |
| Died | 15 July 1979 (aged 68) Mexico City, Mexico |
| Nationality | Mexican |
| Political party | Institutional Revolutionary Party |
| Spouse(s) |
Guadalupe Borja (m. 1937–1974, her death) |
| Alma mater | University of Puebla |
| Profession | Politician |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños (Spanish pronunciation: [gusˈtaβo ˈðiaθ orˈðaθ]; 12 March 1911 – 15 July 1979) was a Mexican politician and member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970.
Díaz Ordaz Bolaños was born in San Andrés Chalchicomula (present-day Ciudad Serdán, Puebla). His father, Ramón Díaz Ordaz Redonet, worked as an accountant, while his mother, Sabina Bolaños Cacho de Díaz Ordaz, worked as a school teacher. Díaz Ordaz graduated from the University of Puebla on 8 February 1937 with a law degree. He became a professor at the university and served as vice rector from 1940 to 1941.
In 1943, he became a federal deputy for the first district of the state of Puebla, and served as a senator for the same state from 1946 to 1952. He served as the Secretary of Government in the cabinet of president Adolfo López Mateos from 1958 to 1964. On 18 November 1963, he became the presidential candidate for the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Despite facing only token opposition, Díaz Ordaz campaigned as if he were the underdog. He won the presidential election on 5 July 1964.
As president, Díaz Ordaz was known for his authoritarian manner of rule over his cabinet and the country in general. His strictness was evident in his handling of a number of protests during his term, in which railroad workers, teachers, and doctors were fired for taking industrial action. A first demonstration of this new authoritarianism was given when he used force to end a strike by medics. Medics of the ISSSTE, especially residents and interns, had organized a strike to demand better working conditions and an increased salary. His authoritarian style of governing produced resistance, such as the emergence of a guerrilla movement in the state of Guerrero. Economically, the era of Díaz Ordaz was a time of economic growth. He established the Mexican Institute of Petroleum in 1965, an important step since oil has been one of Mexico's most productive industries.
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