Gustav Landauer
| Gustav Landauer | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
7 April 1870 Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden |
| Died | 2 May 1919 (aged 49) Munich, Bavarian Soviet Republic |
| Nationality | German |
| Spouse(s) | Hedwig Lachmann |
Gustav Landauer (7 April 1870 – 2 May 1919) was one of the leading theorists on anarchism in Germany at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. He was an advocate of social anarchism and an avowed pacifist. In 1919, during the German Revolution, he was briefly Commissioner of Enlightenment and Public Instruction of the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic. He was killed when this Republic was overthrown.
Landauer is also known for his study of metaphysics and religion, and his translations of William Shakespeare's works into German.
Landauer was the second child of Jewish parents Rosa (Neuberger) and Herman Landauer, a shoe shop owner in Karlsruhe in the Grand Duchy of Baden, where he went through school. He was educated in philosophy, German studies and art history at Heidelberg, Strasbourg, and Berlin. After breaking off his studies in 1893, he worked as a freelance journalist and public speaker.
His second wife, Hedwig Lachmann, was an accomplished translator, and they worked together to translate various works into German, notably those of Irish playwright Oscar Wilde, in a creditable rendering of The Picture of Dorian Gray, as well as the works of American poet Walt Whitman.
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