Guilford, Maryland
| Guilford, Maryland | |
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| Unincorporated community | |
Christ Church of Guilford, rebuilt in 1809
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 Guilford
Guilford
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| Coordinates: 39°10′11″N 76°49′51″W / 39.16972°N 76.83083°WCoordinates: 39°10′11″N 76°49′51″W / 39.16972°N 76.83083°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| County | Howard |
| CDPs | Jessup, Columbia |
| Established | December 31, 1874 |
| Named for | Guilford Factory |
| Government | |
| • Councilman |
Calvin Ball III District 2 |
| Time zone | Eastern (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 20794, 21046 |
| Area code | 410, 443, and 667 |
Guilford is an unincorporated community located in Howard County in the state of Maryland in the United States of America. The location is named for the Guilford Mill. Guilford is near Kings Contrivance one of the nine "villages" of Columbia.
For United States Census Bureau statistics, it is split between the census-designated places of Savage and Columbia.
The area around Guilford was settled before it was called by the name of its mill. In 1711, the Log Chapel of ease, now called Christ Church Guilford was founded to the north of Guilford on a piece of land surveyed as "New Year's Gift" by Charles Carrol of Carrolton. The first full-time rector was James Magill, who lived at Athol. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Guilford mill was situated on the northern branch of the Patuxent River, known as the Little Patuxent River. A mill may have been in operation there by 1743, and one is documented to have been in operation there in 1761 when the area was still part of Northwestern Anne Arundell County. Charles Alexander Warfield and Elizabeth Ridgley built a joint mill on land patended as "Wincopin Neck". Gristmill operations were underway by 1760. Later owners of the factory included Richard Ridgley. By 1792 the site consisted of a gristmill, sawmill, blacksmith and a stable. Around 1834 a granitequarry was started. Just north of the quarry, Charles Worthington built a stone home with walls two feet thick named "Moundview" that would stand until 1990 when the South Columbia Baptist Church was built on its site. By 1860, Henry A Penny built a house onsite in 1860 and worked as a hauler, he would become county commissioner in the early 1900s. From 1863 to 1890 when slave labor was unavailable the quarries were mostly stagnant. On December 31, 1874 the Guilford Post office opened and remained in operation until June 30, 1920. In 1876, Guilford School opens on Guilford and Oakland Mills roads, and Guilford Colored School opens on land given by Williams, Clark and Rodgers near Guilford and Mission roads.
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