Guanabara Ecological Station
| Guanabara Ecological Station | |
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| Estação Ecológica da Guanabara | |
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IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve)
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Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara Bay. The protected area is in the upper right. The mangroves are dark green.
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| Nearest city | Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro |
| Coordinates | 22°43′09″S 43°00′54″W / 22.719049°S 43.015040°WCoordinates: 22°43′09″S 43°00′54″W / 22.719049°S 43.015040°W |
| Area | 1,936 hectares (4,780 acres) |
| Designation | Ecological station |
| Created | 15 February 2006 |
| Administrator | Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation |
| Website | www |
The Guanabara Ecological Station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica da Guanabara) is an ecological station in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It protects an area of mangroves in Guanabara Bay, not far from the city of Rio de Janeiro.
The Guanabara Ecological Station (ESEC) is divided between the municipalities of Guapimirim (42.49%), Itaboraí (35.61%) and São Gonçalo (3.57%) in Rio de Janeiro. It has an area of 1,936 hectares (4,780 acres) in the coastal marine biome. The ESEC protects an area of mangroves in the northeast of Guanabara Bay. It is entirely surrounded by the Guapi-Mirim Environmental Protection Area (APA). The ESEC covers the best preserved area of Guanabara Bay, with the least amount of human intervention. Management of the ESEC and the APA is integrated, with shared technical, material and financial resources.
The ESEC is at sea level. It receives water from the Guapi-Macacu, Macacu/Caceribu and Guaxindiba rivers. Temperatures range from 9 to 41 °C (48 to 106 °F) with an average of 24 °C (75 °F). The ESEC contains a flat tidal region of fluvial-marine sediments, rich in organic matter, that supports the mangroves. These almost completely cover the ESEC and are either primary growth or secondary growth in an advanced stage of regeneration. The main species of mangrove are the Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia schaueriana and Laguncularia racemosa. In areas cleared by people there are invasive species such as Hibiscus pernambucensis, Acrostichum aureum and Typha species. Spartina alterniflora grasses and floating islands of Eichhornia crassipes are also found. Migratory birds include the osprey (Pandion haliaetus), semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) and spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius).
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