Guam kingfisher
| Guam kingfisher | |
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| Bronx Zoo is one of a number of U.S. zoos participating in the captive breeding program for the – extinct in the wild – T. cinnamominus. A male in this photo. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Coraciiformes |
| Family: | Alcedinidae |
| Subfamily: | Halcyoninae |
| Genus: | Todiramphus |
| Species: | T. cinnamominus |
| Binomial name | |
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Todiramphus cinnamominus (Swainson, 1821) |
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The Guam kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus) is a species of kingfisher from the United States Territory of Guam. It is restricted to a captive breeding program following its extinction in the wild due to the introduced brown tree snake.
In addition, the mysterious extinct Ryūkyū kingfisher, known from a single specimen, is sometimes placed as a subspecies (T. c. miyakoensis; Fry et al. 1992). Among-island differences in morphological, behavioral, and ecological characteristics have been determined sufficient that Micronesian kingfisher populations, of which the Guam kingfisher was considered a subspecies, should be split into separate species.
This is a brilliantly colored, medium-sized kingfisher, 20–24 cm in length. They have iridescent blue backs and rusty-cinnamon heads. Adult male Guam kingfishers have cinnamon underparts while females and juveniles are white below. They have large laterally-flattened bills and dark legs. The calls of Micronesian kingfishers are generally raspy chattering.
Guam kingfishers were terrestrial forest generalists that tended to be somewhat secretive. The birds nested in cavities excavated from soft-wooded trees and arboreal termitaria, on Guam (Marshall 1989). Micronesian kingfishers defended permanent territories as breeding pairs and family groups (Kesler 2006). Both sexes care for young, and some offspring remain with parents for extended periods. (Kesler 2002).
The Guam kingfisher population was extirpated after the introduction of brown tree snakes (Savidge 1984) where it was seen in the wild in 1986, and the birds are now U.S. listed as endangered (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1984). The Guam kingfishers remain only as a captive population of fewer than two hundred individuals (as of 2017) in US mainland and Guam breeding facilities. However, there are plans to reintroduce the Guam birds to another suitable island (Laws and Kesler 2012), and potentially also back to their native range on Guam if protected areas can be established and the threat of the tree snakes eliminated (US Fish and Wildlife Service 2004). Unfortunately, however, three decades of research and management has yielded little hope for safe habitats on Guam.
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Wikipedia