Grupo Frente

Grupo Frente was a group of Brazilian artists originated in Rio de Janeiro which existed from 1952-64. The group was led by Ivan Serpa, and was formed by artists such as Helio Oiticica, Aluisio Carvão, Lygia Clark, and Lygia Pape. Many of them studied under Ivan Serpa. Each of them came from different styles of art, but they all embraced the ideals of Concrete art, or what is now called geometric abstraction.

Grupo Frente was a small collective group of geometric abstract artists. The group has been called a loose group of official collective concrete artists, which has been interpreted as a group that allowed people to enter and leave. The movement of Concrete art pushed them towards Neo- Concrete art. Each member brought a different aspect to the group as a whole. They got together in museums as the MAM Museu de Arte Moderna. They were under the leadership of Ivan Serpa. Ivan started the group in 1952. The group pushed for Neo Concrete art, which was described in the overview. Grupo Frente dispersed in 1956.

Ivan Serpa did many different types of art in his time, such as abstraction, expressionism, and figurative art. He helped shape the Concrete and Neo-Concrete art. He was seen as the leader of Grupo Frente. Many people worked under him to receive some of his art knowledge.

During her Concrete Art phase, when the Grupo Frente was operative, Lygia Clark made paintings that were very geometric in nature, but had a strong sense of dynamism due to her use of diagonal lines. Unlike others in the group, her works created the illusion of three-dimensionality. When she broke off to found the Neo-Concrete movement, she moved onto working with metals and making pieces out of them that involved the spectator. After that, Clark focused more on sensory art and the mind body dualities, which means the spectator interacts with the art.

The majority of Lygia Pape's work was focused on the spectator and not the artwork itself. Pape made wood cut outs that focused on the spectator's perception. During the Grupo Frente time, Pape focused on lines and shapes and the way they work with one another.

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