Grundloven

The Constitutional Act of the Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Danmarks Riges Grundlov), or simply the Constitution (Danish: Grundloven), forms a part of the supreme law of Kingdom of Denmark, applying equally in Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles of governance and establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions. Later sections set out fundamental rights and the duties of citizens, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion and compulsory military service.

The Kingdom is governed on the basis of this Constitutional Act but it is complemented by Royal Law (Kongeloven), the Act of Succession (Tronfølgeloven) and devolution arrangements in Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

The government of Denmark, as described in Part One of the Constitutional Act, is a parliamentary system under a constitutional monarchy. In its present form, the Constitutional Act is from 1953, but the principal features of the Act go back to 1849, making it one of the oldest constitutions. Its adoption ended an absolute monarchy and introduced democracy. Denmark celebrates the adoption of the Constitution on 5 June—the date in which the Constitution was ratified—every year as Constitution Day.

The Danish Parliament (Folketinget) cannot make any laws which may be repugnant or contrary to the Constitutional Act. However, Denmark has no constitutional court, and establishing such a court would require a constitutional amendment. Changes to the Act must be confirmed by a majority in two consecutive parliamentary terms and the approval of the electorate through a national referendum.

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