Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy

Great Windmill Street

Start of Great Windmill Street (to the right) viewed from Coventry Street
Length	590 ft (180 m)
Postal code	W1
Nearest Tube station	Piccadilly Circus
Coordinates	51°30′40″N 0°08′03″W / 51.5112°N 0.1343°W / 51.5112; -0.1343
south end	A4 road Coventry Street
Major junctions	A401 Shaftesbury Avenue
north end	Brewer Street

Great Windmill Street is a thoroughfare running north-south in Soho, London. It is crossed by Shaftesbury Avenue.

The street took its name from a windmill on the site which was recorded 1585 and demolished during the 1690s. In a parliamentary survey of 1658 the mill was described as "well fitted with Staves and other materials".

The area was developed around 1665 but the building was speculative and of poor quality; this led to a royal proclamation in 1671 that prohibited unlicensed development in "Windmill Fields, Dog Fields and Soho". Later that year, Thomas Panton, one of the original speculators, was granted a licence to continue his scheme with the condition that it was supervised and directed by Sir Christopher Wren who was the Surveyor General of the King's Works. By 1682, maps show that both sides of the street were developed along their whole length.

In 1767 the Scottish anatomist and physician William Hunter FRS built a large house at number 16 after demolishing an earlier large dwelling. Hunter's house incorporated a large library, a museum and an anatomical theatre. He gave lectures and anatomical demonstrations from the new house, the first taking place on 1 October 1776. After his death, in 1783 he bequeathed the school and his house to his nephew, Dr Matthew Baillie, who taught there from 1783 to 1803. The house was used for medical demonstrations until 1831. It now forms part of the dressing rooms and stage of the Lyric Theatre.

The Red Lion public house was built on the corner with Archer Street in around 1793. In November 1847, the Communist League held its second congress in a room above the bar and it was here that Karl Marx and Frederick Engels submitted their proposals for writing the Communist Manifesto. The Red Lion closed in around 1998 and in 2013 was the 'Be at One' Cocktail Bar and Lounge.