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Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev
Михаил Горбачёв
RIAN archive 850809 General Secretary of the CPSU CC M. Gorbachev (crop).jpg
Mikhail Gorbachev in 1988
1st President of the Soviet Union
In office
15 March 1990 – 25 December 1991
Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov
Valentin Pavlov
Ivan Silayev
Vice President Gennady Yanayev
Preceded by Himself as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Succeeded by Position abolished (Union dissolved)
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
In office
11 March 1985 – 24 August 1991
Deputy Vladimir Ivashko
Preceded by Konstantin Chernenko
Succeeded by Position abolished
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
In office
25 May 1989 – 15 March 1990
Deputy Anatoly Lukyanov
Preceded by Himself as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Succeeded by Anatoly Lukyanov (executive abilities transferred to President)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
In office
1 October 1988 – 25 May 1989
Preceded by Andrei Gromyko
Succeeded by Himself as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Personal details
Born Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
(1931-03-02) 2 March 1931 (age 86)
Privolnoye, North Caucasus Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Nationality Russian
Political party Soviet Communist
(1950–91)
Independent
(1991–2001; 2004–07)
Russian Social Democratic
(2001–04)
Union of Social Democrats
(2007–14)
Spouse(s) Raisa Gorbachova
(m. 1953; d. 1999)
Children Irina Mikhailovna Virganskaya
Education Law
Alma mater Moscow State University
Religion None: Attitude to religion
Signature
Website gorby.ru/en/


This article is part of the series
The life of Mikhail Gorbachev

Gorbachev Era
Revolutions of 1989
Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Leader of the Soviet Union

Gorbachev Era
Revolutions of 1989
Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (/ˈɡɔːrbəˌɒf/;Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕɵf]; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991).

Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant UkrainianRussian family, and in his teens, operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the death of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, following the brief "interregna" of Andropov and Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected general secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in Western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level.


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