Godley Head

Godley Head, known to Māori as Awaroa or Otokitoki for the wider area, and called Cachalot Head by early French explorers, is a prominent headland in Christchurch, New Zealand, located at the entrance to Lyttelton Harbour. The headland is named for John Robert Godley.

The headland was known to Māori as Awaroa. The wider area around Gollans Bay within Lyttelton Harbour is also known as Otokitoki, and this Māori language word refers either to 'the place of tokitoki' (a native tree commonly known as tītoki), or a brown duck (Anas chlorotis), or New Zealand dabchick (Poliocephalus rufopectus). The French whaler Cachalot, commanded by Jean Langlois, came to grief in this location in 1838, and the headland was then known Cachalot Head. The headland was renamed by Captain Joseph Thomas, the chief surveyor of the Canterbury Association, in his 1849 survey of Canterbury.

Godley Head is the easternmost end of the Port Hills. It forms the northern boundary to the entrance of Lyttelton Harbour; the headland on the southern side of the harbour is called Adderley Head. The nearest settlement is Te Onepoto / Taylors Mistake. Walking access is via Pilgrims Way along the baches of Boulder Bay. Since the late 1920s, road access has been via the Summit Road.

The land on top of Godley Head is exposed and there is no access to fresh water, which explains why there is no evidence of early Māori occupation. There was a lengthy discussion during the 1850s how a railway connection between the Christchurch Central City and Lyttelton could best be achieved. In the end, British civil engineer George Robert Stephenson was commissioned to give his recommendation based on survey plans. Stephenson discussed the option of a railway at sea level to be built along Godley Head and rejected this as "useless and unprofitable". Instead, he recommended the "direct route", and this was built as the Lyttelton Rail Tunnel.

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