Gilbert Newton Lewis
| Gilbert N. Lewis | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
October 25, 1875 Weymouth, Massachusetts |
| Died | March 23, 1946 (aged 70) Berkeley, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Fields | Physical chemist |
| Doctoral advisor | Theodore William Richards |
| Doctoral students |
Michael Kasha Harold Urey Glenn T. Seaborg Joseph Edward Mayer |
| Known for |
Covalent bond Lewis dot structures Valence bond theory Electronic theory of acids and bases Chemical thermodynamics Heavy water Named photon Explained phosphorescence |
| Influences |
Irving Langmuir Merle Randall |
| Notable awards |
Fellow of the Royal Society Willard Gibbs Award (1924) Davy Medal (1929) |
Gilbert Newton Lewis ForMemRS (October 25, 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs; his Lewis dot structures and other contributions to valence bond theory have shaped modern theories of chemical bonding. Lewis successfully contributed to thermodynamics, , and isotope separation, and is also known for his concept of acids and bases.
G. N. Lewis was born in 1875 in Weymouth, Massachusetts. After receiving his PhD in chemistry from Harvard University and studying abroad in Germany and the Philippines, Lewis moved to California to teach chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. Several years later, he became the Dean of the college of Chemistry at Berkeley, where he spent the rest of his life. As a professor, he incorporated thermodynamic principles into the chemistry curriculum and reformed chemical thermodynamics in a mathematically rigorous manner accessible to ordinary chemists. He began measuring the free energy values related to several chemical processes, both organic and inorganic.
In 1916, he also proposed his theory of bonding and added information about electrons in the periodic table of the chemical elements. In 1933, he started his research on isotope separation. Lewis worked with hydrogen and managed to purify a sample of heavy water. He then came up with his theory of acids and bases, and did work in photochemistry during the last years of his life. In 1926, Lewis coined the term "photon" for the smallest unit of radiant energy. He was a brother in Alpha Chi Sigma, the professional chemistry fraternity.
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