Gibberella fujikuroi
| Gibberella fujikuroi | |
|---|---|
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| Gibberella fujikuroi | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Phylum: | Ascomycota |
| Subphylum: | Pezizomycotina |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Subclass: | Hypocreomycetidae |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | Nectriaceae |
| Genus: | Gibberella |
| Species: | G. fujikuroi |
| Binomial name | |
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Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenw., (1931) |
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| Synonyms | |
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Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld., (1904) |
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Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld., (1904)
Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, (1976)
Gibberella fujikuroi var. moniliformis (Wineland) Kuhlman, (1982)
Gibberella moniliformis Wineland, (1924)
Lisea fujikuroi Sawada, (1919)
Oospora verticillioides Sacc., (1882)
Gibberella fujikuroi is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes bakanae disease in rice seedlings.
Another name is Foolish Seedling Disease. It gets that name because the seeds can be infected, leading to disparate outcomes for the plant. There are not many diseases that initiate similar symptoms as Bakane. As a result, it is fairly easy to identify. However, any celebrations about identifying the disease successfully will quickly turn sour when considering the impending doom of the plants.
Giberella fujikuroi is most widely known for its disease producing capabilities in rice, but barley, millet, sugarcane and maize are also susceptible. In all infected plants, similar symptoms have been found, though rice has been most predominantly studied. The most telltale symptom of Bakane is the tall, spindly look of the plant. This is a result of the gibberellins, or growth hormones, the disease secretes. Infected plants are easy to pick out, then, as they often rise above the rest of the healthy plants with regularly secreted growth hormones. However, it is also possible that stunting may occur, along with Chlorosis of the leaves of the plant, root lesions, or empty grains of plants grown to maturity.
Giberella fujikuroi is a polycyclic ascomycete. Thus, it is possible to, at the right stage of the lifecycle of the pathogen, see perithecia or conidia under the microscope The pathogen overwinters in perithecia and will infect through soil in seeds that are not pre-infected. Infected seed is also a source of innoculum; conidia will germinate when planted. Infected seeds are the main way the disease is propagated. Symptoms can be observed during growing season.
Bakane is observed in all rice growing areas of the world. Thus, the pathogen thrives in the same growing conditions as rice. Rice requires a warm, wet growing season. Fields may even be flooded. The disease is known to be able to spread through water. Additionally, infected spores can be spread during harvesting. Thus, it is important to quarantine the infected seeds.
There have been many management solutions put forth, with the most important and widely used being the use of treated seeds. Growers should confer with the source of their seeds and as a second measure, check the weight of the seeds they receive. Lightweight seeds are typically infected. Seeds can also be treated to prevent pathogen activation. There are two options that have been found to be successful: hot water baths and chlorine treatments. However, one cannot be sure that the pathogen will be fully neutralized when subjected to these conditions.
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Wikipedia