Gia Long
| Gia Long | |||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor of Vietnam | |||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor of Nguyễn Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1802–1820 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Tây Sơn Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Minh Mạng | ||||||||||||||||
| Lord of Nguyễn Clan | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1777–1802 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Nguyễn Phúc Dương | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | End of Military Commander | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | 8 February 1762 | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 3 February 1820 (aged 57) | ||||||||||||||||
| Burial | Thien Tho Tomb | ||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Empress Thừa Thiên Empress Thuận Thiên Noble Consort Lê Ngọc Bình |
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| Issue |
Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh, Crown Prince Anh Duệ Nguyễn Phúc Đảm, Emperor Minh Mạng 13 other sons and 18 daughters |
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| House | Nguyễn Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Nguyễn Phúc Luân | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Nguyễn Thị Hoàn | ||||||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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| Nguyễn Phúc Chủng Nguyễn Phúc Noãn Nguyễn Phúc Ông |
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| Era name and dates | |
| Gia Long: 1801–1820 | |
| Posthumous name | |
| Khai thiên Hoằng đạo Lập kỷ Thùy thống Thần văn Thánh võ Tuấn đức Long công Chí nhân Đại hiếu Cao Hoàng đế 開天弘道立紀垂統神文聖武俊德隆功至仁大孝高皇帝 |
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| Temple name | |
| Thế Tổ |
| Gia Long | |
| Vietnamese name | |
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| Vietnamese | Gia Long |
| Hán-Nôm | |
| Birth name |
Emperor Gia Long (8 February 1762 – 3 February 1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh of Nguyễn clan, often referred to simply as Nguyễn Ánh), was the first Emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam. Unifying what is now modern Vietnam in 1802, he founded the Nguyễn Dynasty, the last of the Vietnamese dynasties.
A nephew of the last Nguyễn lord who ruled over southern Vietnam, Nguyễn Ánh was forced into hiding in 1777 as a fifteen-year-old when his family was slain in the Tây Sơn revolt. After several changes of fortune in which his loyalists regained and again lost Saigon, he befriended the French Catholic priest Pigneau de Behaine. Pigneau championed his cause to the French government—and managed to recruit volunteers when this fell through—to help Nguyễn Ánh regain the throne. From 1789, Nguyễn Ánh was once again in the ascendancy and began his northward march to defeat the Tây Sơn, reaching the border with China by 1802, which had previously been under the control of the Trịnh lords. Following their defeat, he succeeded in reuniting Vietnam after centuries of internecine feudal warfare, with a greater land mass than ever before, stretching from China down to the Gulf of Siam.
Gia Long's rule was noted for its Confucian orthodoxy. He overcame the Tây Sơn rebellion and reinstated the classical Confucian education and civil service system. He moved the capital from Hanoi south to Huế as the country's populace had also shifted south over the preceding centuries, and built up fortresses and a palace in his new capital. Using French expertise, he modernized Vietnam's defensive capabilities. In deference to the assistance of his French friends, he tolerated the activities of Roman Catholic missionaries, something that became increasingly restricted under his successors. Under his rule, Vietnam strengthened its military dominance in Indochina, expelling Siamese forces from Cambodia and turning it into a vassal state.
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Wikipedia