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German Luftwaffe and Navy Radar Equipment (Funkgerat) Of World War II


During World War II, the German Luftwaffe and Navy relied on an increasingly diverse array of communications, IFF and RDF equipment. Most of this equipment received the generic prefix FuG for Funkgerät, meaning "radio equipment". During the war the Germans renumbered their radars. From using the year of introduction as their number they moved to a different numbering scheme.

No German ground radar was accurate enough for Flak fire direction. The operation method for Flak during the day was to use the radar to be used to set the optical fire control for the flak onto the target. Once acquired the flak was controlled by the optical equipment to complete the engagement. During the night the Radar would be used to indicate the target to the search light crews. The rest of the engagement would be carried out optically. During the day fighters would be directed with sufficient precision that they would be able to see their targets and during The night they would use their onboard AI radar to find the target after initial direction from the ground based radars.

FuMG 38 L Kurfurst. Two 2.4-meter parabolic reflectors (one transmit and receive) mounted on a converted Flak mounting. Wavelength 62 cm range approx 8–12 km.

FuMG 39 L Kurfalz. A more powerful development of the 38 L. (the L in the designation meant Lorenz). Dished were mounted on the operations van.

FuMG 40 L Kurmark Developed version of the 39 L range now up to 25–40 km.

FuMG 62 / FuMG 39 Würzburg: 3D fire-control radar. Used to direct the flack optical directors and searchlights. Wavelength 50 cm approx. In response to jamming various models of Würzburg radar were developed to operate on various frequencies called "Islands". Over 4000 units delivered in various models. Range approx 30 km 3-meter reflector.

Würzburg A First production version introduced in 1940. 50 cm operating wavelength. Operation range was approximately 30 km. Included an IFF system that worked with the FuG 25z airborne unit.

Würzburg B Integrated IR telescope to increase accuracy. Proved unsatisfactory and not placed into production.

Würzburg C Replaced the model A in production in 1941. Had lobe switching to improve accuracy. On this unit the integral IFF system was replaced by a system based on the FuG 25a airborne. To Support this system which worked at approx 125-160 MHz two antenna were placed inside the main dish. A separate interrogation and receiving units were attached to show the IFF responses.

Würzburg D Replaced the model C in production in 1942. It now had a usable range of approximately 40 km. Conical scan was used for fine accuracy. The IFF antenna was now fitted in the center of the dish rather than on the sides. Better instruments were fitted and generally it was the best of the small Würzburg.


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